Federal Rules That Bind Commercial Drivers
Hours behind the wheel
A property-carrying driver may not drive without first taking 10 consecutive hours off duty, may drive no more than 11 hours within a 14-hour on-duty window, and needs a 30-minute break after 8 hours of driving (49 CFR 395.3). Short-haul exceptions can change the break rule, so the driver's actual schedule matters. We compare the logs against dispatch records to look for fatigue.
Testing after a serious crash
After a commercial vehicle crash that kills someone, the carrier must test its surviving driver for alcohol and drugs. Testing is also required when the driver is cited for a moving violation and someone needs immediate medical treatment away from the scene or a vehicle has to be towed (49 CFR 382.303). The results, or the carrier's written reason for not testing, belong in the file.
The name on the door
A commercial truck covered by the federal rules must show the operating carrier's name and its USDOT number on both sides, legible from 50 feet in daylight (49 CFR 390.21). On a construction site with several subcontractors, that marking is often the quickest way to learn who employed the driver.
Minimum insurance for carriers
A for-hire carrier hauling ordinary freight across state lines in a truck rated at 10,001 pounds or more must carry at least $750,000 in liability coverage, and certain hazardous loads require $1,000,000 or $5,000,000 (49 CFR 387.9). Many local dump trucks and mixers run only within Utah, where different minimums may apply, so we confirm the actual policies early. More in our Utah truck accident claims guide.
Records that expire
Federal rules require a carrier to keep each driver's records of duty status and supporting documents for at least six months (49 CFR 395.8). Six months passes quickly during a long recovery, so a written preservation demand should go out early to protect the logs, the engine data and the dispatch history.